Proposed contribution from HR Caucus to IGF Agenda setting

[Meryem Marzouki <marzouki@ras.eu.org>]

Hi all,

I must apologize for this very late proposal, since the deadline to  
send it to IGF is tomorrow. I've been overloaded with my job and have  
only finished to draft the proposal right now.
However, this proposal is written along the proposed lines made in a  
previous message (cf. http://www.iris.sgdg.org/actions/smsi/hr-wsis/ 
list/2006/msg00316.html), and I haven't seen any disagreement from  
members of the caucus on this rough lines.

Could you please react to the attached contribution before tomorrow,  
March 31, 22h CET, so that the HR caucus contribution may be sent on  
time.

{\rtf1\mac\ansicpg10000\uc1 \deff0\deflang1036\deflangfe1036{\upr{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset256\fprq2{\*\panose 00020206030504050203}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset256\fprq2{\*\panose 00020703090202050204}Courier New;}
{\f3\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00020005000000000000}Symbol;}{\f4\fnil\fcharset256\fprq2{\*\panose 00020005000000000000}Times;}{\f14\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00050201020108040807}Wingdings;}
}{\*\ud{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset256\fprq2{\*\panose 00020206030504050203}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fnil\fcharset256\fprq2{\*\panose 00020703090202050204}Courier New;}{\f3\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00020005000000000000}Symbol;}
{\f4\fnil\fcharset256\fprq2{\*\panose 00020005000000000000}Times;}{\f14\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00050201020108040807}Wingdings;}}}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;
\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;
\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid \snext0 Normal;}{\s1\qj\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f4\lang1033\cgrid \sbasedon0 \snext0 
heading 1;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}{\s15\qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid \sbasedon0 \snext15 Body Text;}{\s16\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f4\cf1\lang1033\cgrid \sbasedon0 \snext16 Body Text 2;}{\*\cs17 \additive \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 Hyperlink;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid778854384\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1159442742\'01-;}{\levelnumbers;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid197644\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid328716\'01\u-3929 _;}{\levelnumbers;}\f14\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid66572\'01\u-3913 _;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid197644\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid328716\'01\u-3929 _;}{\levelnumbers;}\f14\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320
\jclisttab\tx4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid66572\'01\u-3913 _;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 
\loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid197644\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 
\chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid328716\'01\u-3929 _;}{\levelnumbers;}\f14\chbrdr
\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1251815243}{\list\listtemplateid-283106042\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid984076\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li360\jclisttab\tx360 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1639436\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1770508\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-180\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid984076\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1639436\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1770508\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-180\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid984076\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1639436\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1770508\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-180\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120 }{\listname ;}\listid1722901463}{\list\listtemplateid-1968414148\listhybrid
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid960234180\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1\fbias0 \fi-360\li720
\jclisttab\tx720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1639436\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li1440
\jclisttab\tx1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1770508\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-180\li2160
\jclisttab\tx2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid984076\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li2880
\jclisttab\tx2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1639436\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li3600
\jclisttab\tx3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1770508\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-180\li4320
\jclisttab\tx4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid984076\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li5040
\jclisttab\tx5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1639436\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-360\li5760
\jclisttab\tx5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1770508\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrcf1 \chshdng0\chcfpat1\chcbpat1 \fi-180\li6480
\jclisttab\tx6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1814105345}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1251815243\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid1722901463\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid1814105345\listoverridecount0\ls3}}{\info
{\title Internet Governance Forum Substantive Agenda Setting}{\author Meryem Marzouki}{\operator Meryem Marzouki}{\creatim\yr2006\mo3\dy30\hr20\min16}{\revtim\yr2006\mo3\dy30\hr20\min16}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1246}{\nofchars7103}
{\*\company LIP6}{\nofcharsws8722}{\vern16525}}\margl1417\margr1417\margt1417\margb1417 \deftab708\ftnbj\aenddoc\hyphhotz425\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984
\dghshow0\dgvshow0\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule \fet0\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectdefaultcl 
{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5
\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {\b\fs32 Internet Governance Forum Substantive Agenda Setting

\par WSIS Civil Society Human Rights Caucus Contribution
\par March 31, 2006
\par }\pard \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs28 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\qj\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f4\lang1033\cgrid {\fs28 
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\qj\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f4\lang1033\cgrid {\fs28 
\par Introduction
\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par The WSIS Civil Society Human Rights Caucus (HR Caucus) has been active in the WSIS framework since its creation in 2002. Its more than 65 members, international and national civil society organizations from all around the world, have decided }{\b 
to remain involved, as a caucus, in post-WSIS developments}{. The Caucus involvement in WSIS follow-up concerns both the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) activities and the post-WSIS Action lines developments. 
\par 
\par The Caucus contributions to post-WSIS phase will build on its activities and positions elaborated during the Geneva and Tunis phases, with the same baseline: }{\b respecting and uphol
ding human rights and the rule of law should be the framing approach of any information society development}{. The Caucus\rquote  holistic vision of human rights leads to put in practice, in the information society context, }{\b 
the interrelation and interdependence of all human rights, civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights, and the right to development}{. 
\par 
\par This HR Caucus contribution to the substantive agenda of the Internet Governance Forum follows this baseline.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\qj\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f4\lang1033\cgrid {\fs28 General Guideline Proposal
\par }\pard\plain \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {The U.N. Secretary-General\rquote s Special Adviser for WSIS has asked all stakeholders to contribute to the agenda setting of the first IGF\rquote 
s meeting by sending their respective top three choices of public policy issues to be discussed during this meeti
ng. The HR Caucus considers that, given the interrelation between the many issues that an Internet governance arena should address, such a methodological approach raises some concerns, if only in terms of efficiency and coherence. However, the HR Caucus u
nderstands that, speaking of the IGF global annual meeting per se and not on the whole ingoing process of IGF discussions through, e.g. working groups that could be set up, limiting the discussions topics to a reasonable number is a wise approach.
\par 
\par Differen
t stakeholders have different legitimate priorities, including within a given group of stakeholders. This applies to civil society as well as to governments. We understand that many issues have already been, and will be proposed to the IGF agenda. A short
 
preliminary synthesis of these issues is already available on the IGF web site. These are issues of high concern, including for the HR Caucus. However, we consider that many of them would be better advanced either at the regional or even the national leve
l (e.g. \ldblquote Multilingualism\rdblquote , \ldblquote Access and Policies for bridging the digital divide\rdblquote ), or in other, more specialized arenas (e.g. \ldblquote Spam\rdblquote , \ldblquote Security of infrastructure and equipments
\rdblquote ). Fighting crimes, and other criminal issues (e.g. \ldblquote Cybercrime\rdblquote ) are not a matter of Internet governance, but a matter of general penal legislation. We even consider that issues of first concern to the HR Caucus (
\ldblquote Freedom of Expression\rdblquote , \ldblquote Privacy and Data Protection\rdblquote ) should not be addressed by the IGF as a public policy theme among 
many others, since they are cross-cutting issues that are at stake when discussing any other public policy theme. 
\par 
\par The HR Caucus considers that the major added value of the IGF existence and work relies, as stated in paragraph 72 of the }{\i Tunis Agenda}{, in i
ts capacity to create the conditions for all these issues to be addressed adequately in the relevant arenas and in good coordination between them. }{\b 
Without prejudging how any issue would be addressed and decided upon, the Caucus then believes that a World I
nternet Governance Forum should deal, first and foremost, with issues that absolutely need central governance. These issues are those that, without central governance, either:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang1033 \hich\af4\dbch\af4\loch\f4 a.\tab}}\pard \s15\qj\fi-360\li720\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\b 
The network operation itself would simply stop or be highly threatened, or 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \b\lang1033 \hich\af4\dbch\af4\loch\f4 b.\tab}The information society development as a whole would be oriented towards the sole interests of some parties, depriving a large part of the world from their rights to benefit from an 
\ldblquote Information Society for All\rdblquote .
\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par The remaining part of this HR Caucus contribution develops its three priorities for the IGF agenda, according to this guideline. 
\par 
\par In this contribution, we do not elaborate on }{\b item a}{, i.e. the need to address Domain Name System management and IP address allocation, in other words the ways to enhance c
ooperation for coordination and management of critical Internet resources. This is the core mandate of the IGF and the obvious condition \ldblquote to foster the sustainability, robustness, security, stability and development of the Internet\rdblquote 
, as stated in paragraph 72(a) of the }{\i Tunis Agenda}{. We are confident that this issue will be addressed by the IGF.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {The HR Caucus is rather concerned that the issues developed in the following section, falling under }{\b item b}{
, also find the attention they require from the IGF.
\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par }\pard\plain \s1\qj\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f4\lang1033\cgrid {\fs28 WSIS CS HR Caucus Public Policy Priorities for IGF Discussions
\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {\b 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033 \hich\af4\dbch\af4\loch\f4 1.\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li360\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 {\b\i Establishing an IGF Task Force on Human Rights and Internet Governance

\par }\pard\plain \s15\qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par This proposal is not a discussion theme per se, but both a substantive and operational issue at the same time. 
\par 
\par Whatever th
e final IGF agenda will be, for its first and subsequent years of activity, the IGF must ensure that its discussions take into account the respect for human rights standards and that its decisions are taken in view of upholding these standards. In additio
n, there is a need to identify and assess, with the same objective, Internet governance processes, modalities and mechanisms that are already in place. 
\par 
\par 
\par To this end, }{\b the IGF should establish a task force on Human Rights and Internet Governance. This task 
force would particularly address compliance with freedom of expression, privacy and data protection, and the rule of law principle (most notably due process and effective remedy)}{. 
\par 
\par Composed by stakeholders with a renowned knowledge and competence in and a
ttachment to these human rights standards and their translation in the information society context, such a task force would help IGF discussions gaining wide legitimacy and acceptance. 
\par 
\par The need for this IGF Task Force on Human Rights and Internet Governance finds its direct grounds in paragraphs 42 and 46 of the }{\i Tunis Agenda}{
. By its transverse role, it would largely contribute to fulfill IGF mandate, as provided in items (b), (c), (d), (g), (i) and (k) of paragraph 72 of the }{\i Tunis Agenda}{. Without it, the first section of the }{\i Geneva Declaration of Principles}{ (
\ldblquote Our Common Vision of the Information Society\rdblquote ), reiterated in the }{\i Tunis Commitment}{, would become rhetorical.
\par }{\b\i 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033 \hich\af4\dbch\af4\loch\f4 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \qj\fi-360\li360\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {\b\i 
Access to Infrastructure and International Interconnection Costs
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par Ensuring access to infra
structure is obviously a prerequisite for bridging the digital divide. Access to infrastructure can take many forms and public policy actions at the national level, taking into account local contexts and cultures. It has also many and larger implications 
at the regional and international levels, dealt with in other arenas, particularly, though not exclusively, the ITU.
\par 
\par However, on the one hand this issue is seldom, if ever, dealt with from a rights perspective and specially as a need for realizing the righ
t to development; on the other hand the privatization and the globalization of the telecommunication sector have made fair and symmetric tariffs and peering intergovernmental agreements and recommendations largely out of any practical influence. }{\b 
In a situa
tion where the market is almost alone determining the cost and the geographical coverage of international connections, fulfilling development objectives in terms of access to Internet infrastructure largely becomes a governance issue, to which the IGF cou
ld bring a decisive added value in order to minimize disparities between regions of the world.}{
\par 
\par Issues to be discussed in this framework relate to international interconnection costs, in particular the fundamental North-South inequity of \lquote paying both ways\rquote  
for Internet traffic to and from developing countries. The IGF should then start discussions on how geographical coverage (routes) and peering and transit agreements may be assessed and negotiated towards fairer, more equitable arrangements and costs.

\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par Being an essential element for bridging the digital divide, access to infrastructure realized through equitable international interconnection costs has been one of the very WSIS }{\i raison d\rquote etre}{. In addition, paragraphs 49 and 50 of the }{\i 
Tunis Agenda}{ explicitly p
rovides that international interconnection costs is one of the issues to be fostered in the Internet governance arrangements. Finally, according to paragraph 72(e) of this document, this issue is an integral part of the IGF mandate.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033 \hich\af4\dbch\af4\loch\f4 3.\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li360\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 {\b\i Access to Education, Cu
lture and Knowledge and Technical Standards Definition
\par }\pard \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
In the same way as access to infrastructure, access to education, culture and knowledge, which is a universally recognized fundamental right, translates into many requirements in terms of public polic
y in various sectors, at the national and international levels. Though far from being the exclusive mean of access to education, culture and knowledge, the Internet is a major chance for its realization. 
\par 
\par However, this opportunity may be squandered if art
ificial, avoidable barriers are added to the legitimate circulation of culture and knowledge and development of education. Such a risk may arise from an extensive copyright regime, especially when its implementation through technical standards makes it th
e }{\i de facto}{ exclusive regime, making even difficult for international agreements, like the Unesco Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, to fully apply. }{\b 
It is thus a mandatory issue of Internet governance to ensu
re that technical standards for Internet infrastructure, hardware and software are developed and implemented in a way that does not prevent access to education, culture and knowledge, as well as the effective implementation of international binding instru
ments providing for their full realization through public policies}{
\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {
\par Issues to be discussed by the IGF in this framework relate to how current copyright legislations, market dominance and digital rights management (DRM) technologies prevent rights to educati
on, culture and knowledge. In particular, the IGF should discuss and assess how technical standards for Internet infrastructure, hardware and software, allow the legitimate exercise of fair use for non commercial purposes, the contribution to and enjoymen
t of an extended public domain of knowledge, and the encouragement and sustaining of the production and use of free and open source software and content.
\par }{\b 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\qj\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f4\lang1033\cgrid {\b0 The }{\b0\i Geneva Plan of Action}{\b0  has devoted a whole section to access to information and knowledge. This has
 been reaffirmed in paragraphs 10, 11 and 29 of the }{\b0\i Tunis Commitment}{\b0  and in paragraph 90(k) of the }{\b0\i Tunis Agenda}{\b0 . Finally, as technical standards are part of Internet critical resources, paragraph 72(j) of the }{\b0\i 
Tunis Agenda}{\b0  makes this issue part of the IGF mandate.
\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {\b 
\par }\pard\plain \s1\qj\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f4\lang1033\cgrid {\fs28 Information on the WSIS CS HR Caucus and Contact Points
\par }\pard\plain \qj\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f4\lang1033\cgrid {\b 
\par Website}{: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst { HYPERLINK "http://www.iris.sgdg.org/actions/smsi/hr-wsis"; }{{\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000002e00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0069007200690073002e0073006700640067002e006f00720067002f0061006300740069006f006e0073002f0073006d00730069002f00680072002d0077007300690073000000e0c9ea79f9ba
ce118c8200aa004ba90b5c00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0069007200690073002e0073006700640067002e006f00720067002f0061006300740069006f006e0073002f0073006d00730069002f00680072002d0077007300690073000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs17\ul\cf2 
http://www.iris.sgdg.org/actions/smsi/hr-wsis}}}{
\par }{\b Mailing list public archives}{: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst { HYPERLINK "http://www.iris.sgdg.org/actions/smsi/hr-wsis/list/"; }{{\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000003400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0069007200690073002e0073006700640067002e006f00720067002f0061006300740069006f006e0073002f0073006d00730069002f00680072002d0077007300690073002f006c0069007300
74002f000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b6800000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0069007200690073002e0073006700640067002e006f00720067002f0061006300740069006f006e0073002f0073006d00730069002f00680072002d0077007300690073002f006c006900730074002f
000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs17\ul\cf2 http://www.iris.sgdg.org/actions/smsi/hr-wsis/list/}}}{
\par }{\b Co-chairs}{:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af4\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li720\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\b Rikke Frank J\u248\'bfrgensen
\par }\pard \qj\li360\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 {The Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst { HYPERLINK "mailto:rfj@humanrights.dk"; }{{\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b020000001700000013000000720066006a004000680075006d0061006e007200690067006800740073002e0064006b000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b340000006d00610069006c0074006f003a00720066006a004000680075006d0061006e007200690067006800
740073002e0064006b000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs17\ul\cf2 rfj@humanrights.dk}}}{
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033 \hich\af0\dbch\af4\loch\f0 -\tab}}\pard \qj\fi-360\li720\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\b Meryem Marzouki
\par }\pard \qj\li360\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 {Imaginons un R\u233\'8eseau Internet Solidaire, France
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst { HYPERLINK "mailto:Meryem.Marzouki@iris.sgdg.org"; }{{\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000001e0000004d0065007200790065006d002e004d00610072007a006f0075006b006900400069007200690073002e0073006700640067002e006f00720067000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b4a0000006d00610069006c0074006f003a004d006500
7200790065006d002e004d00610072007a006f0075006b006900400069007200690073002e0073006700640067002e006f00720067000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs17\ul\cf2 Meryem.Marzouki@iris.sgdg.org}}}{
\par  
\par }}